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The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.〔"Last Supper. The final meal of Christ with His Apostles on the night before the Crucifixion.", Cross, F. L., & Livingstone, E. A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed. rev.) (958). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.〕 The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. Moreover, the Last Supper provides the scriptural basis for the Eucharist, also known as "Holy Communion" or "The Lord's Supper". The First Epistle to the Corinthians contains the earliest known mention of the Last Supper. The four canonical Gospels all state that the Last Supper took place towards the end of the week, after Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem and that Jesus and his Apostles shared a meal shortly before Jesus was crucified at the end of that week.〔〔 During the meal Jesus predicts his betrayal by one of the Apostles present, and foretells that before the next morning, Peter will deny knowing him.〔〔 The three Synoptic Gospels and the First Epistle to the Corinthians include the account of the institution of the Eucharist in which Jesus takes bread, breaks it and gives it to the Apostles, saying: "This is my body which is given for you".〔〔 The Gospel of John does not include this episode, but tells of Jesus washing the feet of the Apostles, giving the new commandment "to love one another as I have loved you", and has a detailed farewell discourse by Jesus, calling the Apostles who follow his teachings "friends and not servants", as he prepares them for his departure.〔〔''The Gospel according to John'' by Colin G. Kruse 2004 ISBN 0-8028-2771-3 page 103〕 Scholars have looked to the Last Supper as the source of early Christian Eucharist traditions.〔"The custom of placing the eucharist at the heart of the worship and fellowship of the Church may have been inspired not only by the disciples’ memory of the Last Supper with Jesus but also by the memory of their fellowship meals with Him during both His days on earth and the forty days of His risen appearances.", Bromiley, G. W. (1988; 2002). Vol. 3: The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (164). Wm. B. Eerdmans.〕〔The Oxford History of Christian Worship. Oxford University Press, USA. 2005. ISBN 0-19-513886-4〕 Others see the account of the Last Supper as derived from 1st-century eucharistic practice〔〔Funk, Robert W. and the Jesus Seminar. ''The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus.'' HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. Introduction, p. 1-40〕 as described by Paul in the mid-50s. The Last Supper served the dual purpose of venerating Passover, the escape of the Jews from slavery in Egypt, and the establishment of a new tradition, Christianity. ==Terminology== The term "Last Supper" does not appear in the New Testament,〔''An Episcopal dictionary of the church'' by Donald S. Armentrout, Robert Boak Slocum 2005 ISBN 0-89869-211-3 page 292〕〔''The Gospel according to Luke: introduction, translation, and notes, Volume 28, Part 1'' by Joseph A. Fitzmyer 1995 ISBN 0-385-00515-6 page 1378〕 but traditionally many Christians refer to the New Testament accounts of the last meal Jesus shared with his Apostles as the "Last Supper".〔 Most Protestants use the term "Lord's Supper", stating that the term "last" suggests this was one of several meals and not ''the'' meal.〔''The Companion to the Book of Common Worship'' by Peter C. Bower 2003 ISBN 0-664-50232-6 pages 115-116〕〔''Liturgical year: the worship of God'' Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 1992 ISBN 978-0-664-25350-9 page 37〕 The term "Lord's Supper" refers both to the biblical event and the act of "Holy Communion" and Eucharistic ("thanksgiving") celebration within their liturgy. Evangelical Protestants also use the term "Lord's Supper", but most do not use the terms "Eucharist" or the word "Holy" with the name "Communion".〔''Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation'' by Bard Thompson 1996 ISBN 978-0-8028-6348-5 pages 493-494〕〔http://www.umc.org/site/c.lwL4KnN1LtH/b.2247711/k.C611/Communion_Overview.htm〕 The Eastern Orthodox use the term "Mystical Supper" which refers both to the biblical event and the act of Eucharistic celebration within liturgy.〔''The Orthodox Church'' by John Anthony McGuckin 2010 ISBN 978-1-4443-3731-0 pages 297 and 293〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Last Supper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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